MadonnaLouiseVeronicaCiccone , one known as Madonna ( Bay City , Michigan , August 16 of 1958 ) is a singer , actress and businesswoman U.S. . He spent his early years in Bay City and in 1977 moved to New York to pursue a career in contemporary dance . After participating in two musical groups Breakfast Club and Emmy, she released her debut album in 1983, Madonna . Followed by launching a series of albums in which he found immense popularity, surpassing the limits of content of the lyrics of his songs and exploiting the images in their music videos, which throughout his career have become pieces of art. 2 Many of his songs have reached number one on the charts in Buy Phen375 several countries around the world, his greatest hits include topics such as ” Like a Virgin , “” Papa Do not Preach , “” La Isla Bonita “,” Like a Prayer “” Vogue , “” Frozen , “” Ray of Light “,” Music “,” Hung Up “and” 4 Minutes “. Madonna has been praised by critics for its musical productions and stagings, giving it the title ‘ The Queen of Pop . ” 3
His career was enhanced by his appearances in several films for which he has received mixed reviews. Most praised her role is that of Evita Peron for the 1996 film, Evita , which even won a Golden Globe , but has received harsh criticism from other papers. 4 Other occupations include being Madonna fashion designer , book author children , film director and producer , as well as who owns the record label Maverick . It is also an acclaimed entrepreneur, and in 2007 signed a $ 120 million with Live Nation . 5
Madonna has sold between 300 and 500 million albums, six seven eight nine with which sets the world record for “the most successful solo artist and best-selling musical of all time “, included in the Guinness Book of Records . 10 According to the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is the biggest selling solo artist of the cash advance twentieth century and the second highest sales in the United States (behind Barbra Streisand ) with 64 million certified albums. 11
In 2008, the magazine Billboard Madonna ranked at number two, behind The Beatles , on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists , 12 making it the most successful solo artist in music history as well as being included in the Hall Rock Fame the same year. Considered one of the most influential figures in contemporary music, Madonna is known for continually reinvent both their music and image. It is also recognized as a source of inspiration for artists and for his great legacy to pop culture. 1

1958-1981: Childhood and early artistic
Madonna Louise Ciccone was born in Bay City , Michigan on August 16, 1958. Her mother, Madonna Louise Fortin, ancestry was French-Canadian , 13 and his father, Silvio Ciccone Anthony is Italian-American . 14 The Ciccone family is originally from Pacentro , Italy , his father emigrated from Europe to find work in America as design engineer at Chrysler and General Motors . Madonna was nicknamed ‘Little Nonni “to distinguish it from its mother. 15 16 is the third of six children, older siblings are Martin, Anthony and Paula Storage Bins and her younger siblings, Christopher and Melanie Ciccone 17 Madonna was raised in the suburbs of Detroit , Pontiac and Avon (now part of Rochester Hills ).
Her mother died of breast cancer at age 30 in 1963 when Madonna was five years old. 17 months before his death, Madonna noted changes in behavior and personality of his mother, but did not understand why. 18 At the time of try to explain the medical condition suffered his young daughter, Mrs. Ciccone began to mourn, to which Madonna responded with a hug. “I remember feeling stronger than her,” Madonna said, “I was so small and still felt as if she were the girl.” 18 Later, Madonna acknowledged that he had not understood the idea that his mother was dying. “There was a lot that went unsaid, so many emotions repressed and unresolved, remorse, guilt, loss, anger, confusion. [...] I saw my mother just looked so beautiful lying as if asleep in the open coffin. Then I realized that her mouth looked funny. It took me a while to realize that it was stitched. In that awful moment I understood that he had lost forever. The last image of my mother, while grotesque and yet peaceful, it scares me to this day. ” 19
Madonna finally learned to take care of themselves and their brethren, and turned to his grandmother with the hope of finding some comfort and some sort of mother figure in it. Ciccone Brothers kept the house in order and invariably rebelled against anyone who came home to take the place of his beloved mother. 18 In an interview with the magazine Vanity Fair , Madonna said that in his youth saw themselves as “a lonely girl who was looking for something. I was not rebellious in some way. I worried about being good at something. I did not shave my armpits and wore no makeup as the other girls. But I studied and got good grades … wanted to be somebody. ” 18 Frightened by the thought that his father left, often could not sleep unless he was near her. 18 His father married the housekeeper of the family, Joan Gustafson, and had two children: Jennifer and Mario Ciccone. 20 At this point, Madonna began to express feelings of anger toward his father, which lasted decades and developed a rebellious attitude. 18 primary schools attended St. Frederick and St. Andrew, and at the end, the West Middle School. The school was known for its high average and achieved notoriety for his unconventional behavior: doing flips and spins in the hallways between classes, was suspended from his knees on the monkey bars at recess and lifted her skirt during class , all for the boys could see her underwear. 21
Bay City, the birthplace of Madonna.
Later, Rochester Adams attended the High School and was a model student and a member of the team of cheerleaders . 17 After graduation, he received a scholarship to dance at the University of Michigan . 22 persuaded his father to allow him to take classes of ballet 23 and was persuaded by his teacher, Christopher Flynn, to pursue a career in the world of dance . 24 In late 1977, Madonna left school and moved to the city of New York . 25 26 I had little money, so you got a job as a waitress at Dunkin ‘Donuts and with groups of contemporary dance . 27 Madonna said of her move to New York, “was the first time I traveled by plane and the first time I traveled by taxi. I came here with $ 35 in your pocket. He was the bravest thing I ever did. ” 28 began working as a dancer substitute for other artists. One night, while returning from a rehearsal, was dragged into an alley for a couple of men and forced to perform a blowjob . Madonna said that “the episode was a proof of my weakness, I found that I still could not hcg diet save yet the look of strong girl. I can never forget. ” 29 While performing as a dancer for the French singer Patrick Hernandez on car transport his world tour of 1979, 21 involved romantically with Madonna the musician Dan Gilroy. Together they formed their first rock band, Breakfast Club , 20 30 where Madonna sang and played guitar and drums . In 1980 he left the Breakfast Club and, with her ​​former boyfriend Stephen Bray on drums, formed the band Emmy . His music impressed the DJ and producer Mark Kamins , who arranged a meeting between Madonna and Seymour Stein , founder of the label Sire Records . 31 32
1982-1985: Madonna , Like a Virgin and marriage with Sean Penn
In 1982, Madonna signed with Sire Records, a label belonging to Warner Bros. Records . 33 His first single, ” Everybody “was released on October 6 that year and became a hit on the music charts dance . 34 Encouraged by this release, he began working on her debut album Madonna , produced by Reggie Lucas . However, the singer was not satisfied with the finished tracks and had several disagreements with the production techniques of Luke, so he decided to seek additional help. Madonna went for help with her ​​new boyfriend, John “Jellybean” Benitez , to finish the album’s production. Benitez mixed most of the tracks and produced the theme of ” Holiday “, which was their third single. In general, the sound of Madonna is described as “dissonant,” whose style is similar to disco music combined with the synthesizer , using some of the technologies of the time, as the drum LinnDrum, the electric bass and Moog Synthesizer OB-X. 31 35 The album, which reached number eight on the list Billboard 200 , contained the singles “Holiday,” ” Borderline “and” Lucky Star “. chiropractic marketing 36 37
I was surprised how people react to “Like a Virgin” because when I recorded the song for me was singing about how someone makes me feel a certain way-fresh and fresh-sang and everyone thought he did not want to be a virgin. Damn! It has nothing to do with what I sang. “Like a Virgin” was quite ambiguous.
- Commenting on Madonna “Like a Virgin» 38 39
Gradually, the appearance of Madonna, their dress, their performances and music videos began to influence women and girls. His style became a female fashion of the 1980s, which was created by designer jewelry and hair stylist , Maripol . This look consisted of tops with lace , skirts over capri pants , fishnet stockings , jewelry (including a crucifix and bracelets ) and hair rinse. 40 In 1984, Madonna achieved worldwide recognition after the release of their second album: Like a Virgin . Topped the charts in several countries and became her first number one album on the Billboard 200 . 36 41 The title song, ” Like a Virgin “topped the Billboard Hot 100 for six consecutive weeks, 37 and attracted the attention family organizations, who complained that the song and its video promoting premarital sexual relations and undermined family values, 42 which is why they tried to censor them. 43 fueled the controversy when Madonna performed the song in the first installment of MTV Video Music Awards , where he appeared on stage atop a giant wedding cake with a wedding dress and veil, adorned with his belt buckle feature “Boy Toy”. This action is recognized as an iconic presentation on the history of MTV . 44 In later years, Madonna said that she was really terrified of acting. He recalled, “I remember my manager Freddy shouting, ‘Oh my God! What were you doing? She wore a wedding dress. God! You were running around on the floor! ‘ He was the bravest and most had sex on television. ” 44 45 Like A Virgin was certified Diamond disc by Recording Industry Association of America and sold over 21 million copies worldwide. 46 47 In 1998, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences and the Hall of Fame Rock classed it as one of the best 200 albums of all time. 48
Doll dressed like Madonna in her presentation of ” Like a Virgin “at the VMAs 1984.
Madonna entered the world of film in 1985, starting with a brief appearance as a club singer in the film Vision Quest , a romantic comedy. The soundtrack of the film contains the hit single ” Crazy for You . ” 49 He also appeared in the comedy Desperately Seeking Susan (1985), a film which stood out the song ” Into the Groove “, the first number one singer in the the United Kingdom . 50 Although it was not the lead actress of the film, his involvement was such that the film was widely seen (and marketed) as a project of Madonna. 51 The film was nominated for a César Award for Best Foreign Film and film critic Vincent Canby of The New York Times , considered as one of the ten best films of 1985. 52 While filming the music video for the second single from Like a Virgin , ” Material Girl “Madonna began dating the actor Sean Penn , whom he married on his 27th birthday. 53
In April 1985, Madonna embarked on her first North American tour, The Virgin Tour , with the Beastie Boys as its opening act. 54 Madonna said: “The whole tour was crazy, because I was singing in the CBGB and Mudd Club to perform in sports arenas. I appeared in a small theater in Seattle and the girls wore skirts with flaps, socks that reached below his knees, gloves, lace, beads, ribbons and hoops earrings large. [...] After Seattle, all the shows were moved to arenas. ” 55 In July, the magazines Penthouse and Playboy published a series of photographs that showed a nude Madonna, which were taken in New York in 1978 . Had posed for photographs because I needed money at that time, but received only $ 25 per session. 56 The publication of the photos caused an uproar in the media, but Madonna remained defiant and remorseless. The pictures were sold for over U.S. $ 100 000. 56 In concert Live Aid in 1985, Madonna spoke about this experience when he said he did not remove their jacket because “[the media] could reclamármelo within ten years. » 57 58
1986-1991: True Blue , Like a Prayer and the Blond Ambition Tour
Madonna during the course of his tour Blond Ambition Tour .
In June 1986, launched True Blue , the third album by Madonna. This is deprendieron three singles that reached number one in the Billboard Hot 100 : ” Live to Tell , “” Papa Do not Preach “and” Open Your Heart ‘, and two singles that were placed within the first five positions the same list: ” True Blue “and” La Isla Bonita “. 37 49 The album topped the charts in over 28 countries, an unprecedented feat at that time. 59 Critics of the magazine Rolling Stone were impressed with this production, writing the album “sounds as if from the heart.” 60 At this time, Madonna starred in the film Shanghai Surprise , which received many negative reviews, while he made ​​his theatrical debut in a production of David Rabe , Goose and Tom-Tom , both co-starred with Penn. 61 The following year was published the second feature Madonna Who’s That Girl . Although the film was not well received, the interpreter contributed four songs to its soundtrack, highlighting ” Who’s that Girl? “and” Causing a Commotion . ” 37 In June 1987, embarked on the tour Who’s That Girl? Tour , which continued until September. Regarding the tour, Madonna said: “I realized I might not be unmolded clay, and with time and with the help of others, I could become something more. This tour is a reflection of that belief and it’s like I said, ‘Who are you, girl? Hence the name, something new for me. ” 62 63 Later that year, he released an album of past hits, entitled You Can Dance , which reached number 14 on the Billboard 200 . 64 Madonna and Penn applied for divorce in December 1987, citing as cause “irreconcilable differences”, Madonna’s lawyer pointed to the problem of alcoholism Penn and his aggressive nature. The divorce was finalized in January 1989. 65 From his marriage to Penn, Madonna later said, “I was completely obsessed with my career and was in no way ready to be generous.” 53
In January 1989, Madonna signed an endorsement deal with soft drink manufacturer Pepsi . The theme ” Like a Prayer “debuted in one of the company’s business, which is alluded to many Catholic symbols such as stigmata and crosses on fire, leading to the conviction of the video by the Vatican . Various religious groups tried to ban the commercial and boycott Pepsi products, who retired and canceled its contract commercial sponsorship. However, Madonna was allowed to maintain its share of five million dollars for the commercial. 17 The song was included on their fourth studio album, Like a Prayer , which was co-written and produced by Patrick Leonard and Stephen Bray . 66 Rolling Stone hailed it saying it was “… as close as pop music can be art.” 67 Like a Prayer peaked at number one on the Billboard 200 and sold over 13 million copies worldwide, with four million copies sold only in the United States . 36 68 Six singles were released from the album, highlighting the title track , which Relevant Life Policies reached number one in several countries, ” Express Yourself “and” Cherish , “which reached number two Hot 100 . 37 49 In the late 1980s, Madonna was named “artist of the decade” by several media outlets such as MTV , Billboard and Musician . 69 70 71
In ‘Like a Prayer’ was dealing with specific problems that mean a lot to me. They are about the assimilation of experiences I had in my life and my relationships. They are about my mother, my father and my union with my family, on pain of death, of growing up and leaving things behind. It was hard to mature emotionally. [...] I had to search deep in my soul and I think [the album] is a reflection of Wire Cart Covers this.
-Madonna talking about the inspiration behind Like a Prayer . 72 73
In 1990, Madonna starred as Breathless Mahoney in the movie Dick Tracy , next to Warren Beatty to star. 74 To accompany the film, released the album I’m Breathless , which included songs inspired by the theme of the movie located in the decade 1930. It also included success, ” Vogue ” 75 and ” Sooner or Later “, which in 1991 gave him the composer Stephen Sondheim an Academy Award for best original song . 76 While filming the movie, Madonna began a relationship with Beatty which was dissolved at the end of 1990. 77 78 In April of that year, he began his tour Blond Ambition Tour , which continued for almost four months. Regarding the tour, Madonna said, “I know I’m not the best singer and I know I’m not the best dancer. But, I can fuck with people and be as provocative as I want. The purpose of the tour is to break the taboos useless. ” 79 Rolling Stone called it a “choreographed extravaganza with elaborate and sexually provocative” and proclaimed him “the best tour of 1990.” 80 The tour was met with strong opposition from religious groups the performance of ” Like a Virgin “during which two male dancers caressed her body before she simulates masturbation. 63 The Pope appealed to the public in general and the Christian community does not attend the concert. 81 A private association of self-described Catholics Famiglia Domani also boycotted the tour for its eroticism. 82 In response, Madonna said: “I am Italian-American and proud of it. [...] The tour in no way hurt anyone’s feelings. It is for open minded people to perceive you differently sexuality. ‘Also stated that the Church “completely banned sex … except for procreation. ” 83 a concert was recorded format to be released Laserdisc , which gives Madonna a Grammy Award in 1992 for best long form music video. 84
In November 1990, he published the first album of greatest hits from Madonna, entitled The Immaculate Collection . This included two new songs, ” Justify My Love “and” Rescue Me . ” 85 The album was certified Diamond disc by the RIAA and sold over 30 million copies worldwide, becoming the biggest selling compilation album by a solo artist in history. 46 86 “Justify My Love” reached number one in the U.S. and ten other countries around the world. 49 87 The promotional video made ​​for scenes had sadomasochism , bondage , kissing between same sex and nudity. 88 89 The video was deemed too sexually explicit for MTV and its distribution was prohibited. Madonna responded to the censorship: “Why is it that people are willing to go see a movie about someone being beaten for no apparent reason, and nobody wants to see two girls kissing and fondling two men? [...] MTV has been good to me and know your audience. If it is too strong for them, I understand. Although part of me thought I would get away with this. ” 88 73 At that time, the second single ” Rescue Me “became a simple solo debut with the highest in the history of the Billboard Hot 100 , entering at 15 and reaching number nine. 85
In December 1990, Madonna decided to leave the movie Jennifer Lynch Boxing Helena , which had previously signed to star, with no explanation from the producers. 90 From late 1990 until early 1991, Madonna went to Tony Ward , a model and actor porn that appeared in music videos for “Cherish” and “Justify My Love”. He also had an eight-month relationship with rapper Vanilla Ice . 91 His first documentary, In Bed with Madonna (originally released as Madonna: Truth or Dare ), was released in mid-1991. The documentary chronicles his tour Blond Ambition Tour and hints at the singer’s personal life. 32
1992-1996: Maverick, Sex , Erotica , Bedtime Stories and Evita
Eva Peron . Madonna’s performance as Peron in Evita was hailed by critics.
In 1992, Madonna won a role in the film A League of Their Own Mae Mordabito as a player in baseball . In addition, he recorded the main theme of the film, ” This Used to Be My Playground “which became a number one hit on the Hot 100 . 49 The same year he founded his own entertainment company, Maverick, consisting of a record company ( Maverick Records ), a film production company ( Maverick Films ), and several divisions associated with music publishing, television, books and merchandising . The agreement was a joint venture with Time Warner , who had already paid an advance of Madonna $ 60 million. The singer received 20% of the royalties from the sale and promotion of their music, one of the highest percentages in the industry, which matched at the time the royalty rate of Michael Jackson , established a year before Sony . 34 The first release of the company was the first book written by herself, entitled Sex , which consisted mostly of sexually explicit and provocative images, photographed by Steven Meisel . The book caused a strong negative reaction in the media and the general public, but sold 1.5 million copies within days. 92 93 At the same time, Madonna released her fifth studio album Erotica , which debuted in number two on the Billboard 200 . 36 93 The title track reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100 . 49 Erotica also produced five more singles: ” Deeper and Deeper “,” Bad Girl “,” Fever , “” Rain “and ” Bye Bye Baby “. 94
The provocative image became his trademark, which continued with the 1990 Body of Evidence , a film which contained scenes of sadomasochism and bondage , which received negative reviews. 95 96 He also starred in Danger Games ( Dangerous Game ) directed by Abel Ferrara , who in America was released directly to video. The New York Times described the film as “angry and painful, and the pain feels real.” 97 In October 1993, Madonna embarked on The Girlie Show Tour , in which he dressed as a dominatrix , surrounded by dancers in topless . 98 The show faced negative reactions, specifically in Puerto Rico , where Madonna rubbed the island’s flag between her legs. 63 The same year she appeared as a guest on the Late Show with David Letterman , where he used foul language that should be censored TV and handed Letterman a pair of underwear asking him to smell it. 99 His films, CDs and the book of best auto insurance sexual themes, coupled with aggressive controversial appearance on the Letterman program, led to identification of Madonna as a sexual renegade. He faced intense negative reception from critics and fans, who commented that “had gone too far” and that his career was over. 100
According to biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli, the ballad ” I’ll Remember “(1994), was an attempt to soften his image. The song was recorded for the film by Alek Keshishian , With Honors . 101 He discreet appearance with Letterman in a program of awards and appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno after he realized he needed to change his musical direction to maintain popularity. 102 With their sixth studio album, Bedtime Stories (1994), Madonna used a softer image to reconnect with the public at large. 102 The album debuted at number three in the Billboard 200 and produced four singles, including ” Secret “and” Take a Bow “, the latter topped the Hot 100 for seven weeks. 49 At the same time, he began a relationship with trainer Carlos Leon. 103 Something to Remember , a collection of ballads , was released in May 1995 . The album includes three previously unreleased songs: ” You’ll See “,” One More Chance “and a cover of Marvin Gaye , ” I Want You “. 49 104 In later years, said Madonna was very fond of albums released from Like a Prayer and Something to Remember , “while I agree that all these albums were key moments for me.” 105
This is the character for which I was born. I put everything on my part because it was more than one role in a movie. It was so exciting and scary at the same time. And it was as far as I had to push my creativity. At each level, I got a great learning experience. And I’m more proud of ‘Evita’ than anything else I did.
- Madonna talking about Evita and her role as Eva Peron. 106
In 1996 saw the release of the film Evita in which Madonna starred as Eva Peron . 107 108 For a long time had wanted to impersonate Madonna Peron, and even wrote a letter to Alan Parker , explaining it was perfect for the role. After securing it, he attended music lessons to improve his voice and learned about the history of Argentina and Perón . During filming he fell sick many times, commenting that “the intensity of the scenes we have been recording the amount of emotional labor and concentration needed to finish the day are so physically and mentally exhausting, I’m sure I’ll have to be hospitalized when done. ” 109 Evita is a film history where it took nearly 6 000 costumes for the scenes. Madonna used 370 different costumes, setting a Guinness record for the largest number of costume changes in a movie. 108 After his release, Evita won critical acclaim. Zach Conner of the magazine Time said “that’s a relief Evita is really good, a good cast and visually appealing. Madonna once again confounded expectations. Evita plays a poignant effort and has more than a little star quality. Ames or hate Madonna, Eva, is a magnet for the eyes. ” 110 111 Madonna won a Golden Globe for best actress in a musical or comedy for her role as Eva Peron. 112 From the soundtrack of Evita was released several simple, noting ” You Must Love Me “(which won an Oscar for best original song in 1997) and ” Do not Cry for Me Argentina . ” 113 On October 14, 1996, Madonna gave birth to Lourdes Maria Ciccone Leon , her daughter with Leon. 114
1997-2002: Ray of Light , Music and Drowned World Tour
Madonna singing ‘ Do not Tell Me “in 2001.
After the birth of Lourdes, Madonna became involved in mysticism and Eastern Kabbalah , introduced to this trend by actress Sandra Bernhard in one thousand nine hundred and ninety-seven. 115 Their seventh studio album Ray of Light (1998) reflects this change in perception and image. 116 He said: “This album, more than any other, covering all areas of life. I had recently joined the Kabbalah and had put aside the party, plus I had just had a baby, so my joy was complete, and I was incredibly reflective, thinking back and intrigued by the mystical aspects of the life. ” 117 The album generated positive reviews and Slant Magazine described him as “one of the great masterpieces of the 1990 pop.” 118 Ray of Light won four Grammy Awards and appeared as one of the 500 best albums according the magazine Rolling Stone . 119 120 He reached the top of the charts in Australia , Canada , United Kingdom and continental Europe , the album also debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 and sold over 20 million copies worldwide. 36 121 The first single, ” Frozen “became Madonna’s first single debuted at number one on the list UK Singles Chart , while in the United States became the sixth single number two, giving her another record to Madonna as the most successful artist who came to number two in the Billboard Hot 100 . 49 122 However, the song was banned in Belgium , because it is considered plagiarism issue 1993 “fout l’camp Ma Vie”, composed by Belgian Salvatore Acquaviva. 123 The second single, ” Ray of Light “debuted at number five on the Billboard Hot 100 . 124 In December 1998, Madonna’s relationship with Leon ended, later said they were “better as best friends.” 125 After their break, Madonna accepted a role as a violin teacher in the film Music of the Heart , but left the project citing “creative differences” with director Wes Craven . 126 The success of “Ray of Light” was the case with the single ” Beautiful Stranger “, recorded for the 1999 film Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me . It reached number 19 on the Hot 100 and won a Grammy for Best Song Written for a Film, Television or Other Visual Media. 49 84
In 2000, Madonna starred in the movie The Next Best Thing and contributed two songs to the soundtrack, ” Time Stood Still “and the international hit” American Pie . ” 127 In September 2000, he released his eighth studio album, Music , which contained elements of the era of Ray of Light , inspired by electronic music and theme-oriented homosexual audience. 128 On his collaboration with producer French Ahmadzaï Mirwais , Madonna said: “I love working with eccentrics who nobody knows, the People who have a raw talent and are making music unlike any other out there. Music is the future of sound. ” 128 Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic felt that Music “is like a kaleidoscope of color, technique, style and substance. It has so much depth and so many levels that can easily be seriously considered as detailed and as Ray of Light . ” 129 The album took the number one in over twenty countries worldwide and sold four million copies in the first ten days was for sale. 119 In the U.S., Music debuted in first place and became his first number one album in eleven years since Like a Prayer . 130 The album produced three singles: the number one hit ” Music “,” Don ‘t Tell Me “and” What It Feels Like for a Girl . ” 49 The music video for “What it Feels Like for a Girl” Madonna showed committing murder and causing car accidents, so it was banned by the networks MTV and VH1 . 131
Along with the release of the album Music , Madonna was involved in a relationship with Guy Ritchie , whom he had met in 1999 through Sting and his wife, Trudie Styler. On August 11, 2000, gave birth to their son, Rocco Ritchie. 132 In December, Madonna and Ritchie were married in a private ceremony in Scotland . 133
His fifth tour, entitled Drowned World Tour , began in April 2001. 63 The tour visited cities in Europe and North America and was one of the highest grossing tours of the year, earning $ 75 million in 47 shows. 134 also launched its second greatest hits collection entitled GHV2 , coinciding with the launch of the DVD of the tour. GHV2 debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200 . 135 Later, Madonna starred in the film Swept Away , directed by Ritchie. In the UK the film was released directly to DVD, but became a commercial and critical failure. 136 That same year, he released the single ” Die Another Day “soundtrack of the film by James Bond , Die Another Day , in which Madonna made ​​a cameo . The song reached number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 and was nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Original Song and a Golden Raspberry in the category of worst song. 49 137
2003-2006: American Life and Confessions on a Dance Floor
Madonna at the benefit concert Live 8 .
In 2003, following the release of “Die Another Day”, Madonna collaborated with fashion photographer Steven Klein for a facility called ‘X-Static Pro = CESS. ” This included pictures of a photo shoot for the magazine W and seven video segments. The installation ran from March to May at the gallery Deitch Projects in New York , but later toured the world in an edited form. 138 That same year, Madonna released her ninth studio album, American Life , based on his criticism American society and had a mixed reception. 139 The interpreter said: “[American Life] was like a trip to memory lane, turning to everything I’ve achieved everything I’ve ever valued and all things that are important to me. ” 140 Larry Flick of The Advocate found that ” American Life is an album that is among the most adventurous and lyrically intelligent. [...] It’s like the flip side of Music and is to be an effort to sound halfway and be taken seriously. ” 140 141 The title track reached number 37 on the Hot 100 . 49 The issuance of the original music video “American Life” was canceled because Madonna believed that the video that included images of violence and war, would be considered unpatriotic because the United States had just begun the war with Iraq . 142 With only four million copies sold worldwide , American Life is the least selling album of his career. 143 Later that year, Madonna gave a provocative presentation at the MTV Video Music Awards , performing the second single from his new album, ” Hollywood “by Britney Spears , Christina Aguilera and Missy Elliott . Madonna kissed Spears and Aguilera lips during the song, setting off a frenzy in the tabloids. 144 145 In October 2003, Madonna collaborated with Spears on the single ” Me Chicago Criminal Defense Lawyer Against the Music . ” 146 This was followed by the release of Remixed & Revisited , an EP containing remixed versions of songs from American Life , and includes “Your Honesty”, an unreleased recording sessions Bedtime Stories . 147 Madonna also signed a contract with Callaway Arts & Entertainment to be the author of five books for children. The first book, entitled The Español Roses , was published in September 2003. The book tells the story of four British schoolgirls and envy and jealousy they feel each other. 148 Kate Kellway of The Guardian said “[Madonna] is ​​an actress playing something that can never be, a JK Rowling , an English rose. ” 149 The book debuted at the top of the list of best selling books of The New York Times and became one of the best-selling children’s books of all time. 150
The following year, Madonna and Maverick sued to Warner Music Group and its former parent Time Warner , alleging mismanagement of resources and poor accounting, costing the company millions of dollars. In return, Warner filed a counterclaim arguing that Maverick had lost tens of millions of dollars on their own. 151 152 The dispute was resolved when Maverick shares owned by Madonna and Ronnie Dashev were purchased by Warner. The Madonna and Dashev company became a subsidiary of Warner Music, but Madonna was still under the label of Warner under a separate recording contract. 151 By mid-2004, Madonna began the tour Re-Invention Tour , appearing in the U.S., Canada and Europe. It became the highest grossing tour of 2004, earning $ 125 million. 153 With the recordings of the concerts of the tour, she made ​​a documentary called I’m Going to Tell You a Secret . 154 That same year, Rolling Stone ranked the singer at number 36 on its list of “100 Greatest Artists of All Time.” 155 In January 2005, Madonna performed a version of the song John Lennon ” Imagine “in helping the Indian Ocean tsunami Indian , 156 in addition to presenting the concert Live 8 in London . 157
I tried different things until Stuart [producer Stuart Price] brought me music. And it was like a divine inspiration. Simply hit, as if to say ‘this is the direction of my record.’ That was our intention to create a disc that you could hear at a party or in your car, where you have to skip a ballad. It is unstoppable.
- Talking about Madonna Confessions on a Dance Floor . 158
Their tenth studio album, Confessions on a Dance Floor , was released in November 2005 and debuted at number one in all the major music markets. 159 The songs on the album began with a happy, and as he walked became more intense, with lyrics that talked more about personal feelings, thus “confessions”. 159 Keith Caulfield of Billboard said the album was “the return of the Queen of Pop.” 160 The album won a Grammy Award for “Best album electronic music / dance. ” 84 The first single, ” Hung Up “reached number one in a record 45 countries, earning a place in the Guinness Book of Records . 10 ” Sorry , “the second single, is became Madonna’s twelfth number one in the United Kingdom. 50 Thus, in May 2006 embarked on the tour Confessions Tour , which had a global audience of 1.2 million people and grossed more than 194.7 million of dollars. 161 Madonna used religious symbols such as the crucifix and crown of thorns , the presentation of ” Live to Tell “, causing the Russian Orthodox Church and the Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia urged all members to boycott her concert . 162 The Vatican has also protested about the concert, as did the bishops of Düsseldorf . 163 Madonna replied: “My presentation is neither anti-Christian, sacrilegious or blasphemous or. On the contrary, it is my way of asking mankind to help one another and see the world as a whole. ” 164 In the same year, the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry announced that Madonna had officially sold over 200 million copies of his albums worldwide. 165
While on tour, Madonna took the initiative Raising Malawi , to partially fund an orphanage and travel to that country. 166 On October 10, 2006, filed papers to adopt a child from the orphanage, David Banda Mwale, later David Banda Mwale Ciccone renowned Ritchie. 167 The decision caused a public backlash, because Malawian law states that applicants must reside couples at least one year in Malawi before adopting, Madonna did not meet that requirement. 168 The singer defended on The Oprah Winfrey Show , saying that there was no adoption laws in Malawi that regulate the adoption by foreigners. He described how Banda had suffered from pneumonia after surviving the malaria and tuberculosis when she met him. 169 in Banda’s biological father, Yohane said: “The so-called ‘human rights activists’ are harassing me every day, threatening and saying that I am not aware of what I’m doing. [...] I ask to plead his case in court, one thing I can not do because I know what I agreed with Madonna and her husband. ” 170 The adoption was finalized on May 28, 2008. 171 In 2006, singer internationally launched a clothing line called M by Madonna in collaboration with the company Swedish H & M . 172 The collection consisted of furs, sequined dresses, capri pants and beige jackets with patches. H & M said the collection reflects “the timeless and always glamorous style of Madonna.” 173
2007-2009: Live Nation , Hard Candy and Sticky & Sweet Tour
In 2007, Madonna released the song ” Hey You “for the concert series Live Earth , appearing in London. The song was available as a free download during its first week of release. 174 Madonna announced her departure from Warner Bros. Records , signing a new contract with Live Nation for $ 120 million for ten years. 5 also produced and wrote I Am Because We Are , a documentary about the problems facing the Malawian population. The film was directed by Nathan Rissman , who previously worked as a gardener of the singer. 175 Soon after, Madonna directed her first film Filth and Wisdom . The film tells the story of three friends and their aspirations. Ritchie said it was Madonna who inspired her to develop the script for the film. “What matters is that all the work I do is very autobiographical, directly or indirectly, because who knows me better than myself?” 176 The Times said it had “proud of herself,” while The Daily Telegraph described the film as “an unpromising first effort [but] Madonna would do well to hold on to your job.” 177 178 In December 2007, the Hall of Fame Rock announced Madonna as one of five 2008 inductees . 179 At the induction ceremony on March 10, 2008, Madonna did not sing, but asked The Stooges to interpret the themes of ” Burning Up “and” Ray of Light . ” 180 In his speech, thanked Christopher Flynn, her teacher dance 35 years ago, to give encouragement to pursue their dreams. 181
Madonna singing ‘ La Isla Bonita “in 2008.
In April 2008, Madonna released her eleventh studio album, Hard Candy . The album contains influences from genres like R & B and urban pop and the lyrics were of a more autobiographical, in addition to Madonna collaborated with Justin Timberlake , Timbaland , Pharrell Williams and Nate “Danja” Hills . 182 Rolling Stone praised as an “impressive show their next tour. ” 183
The album debuted at number one on the charts in 37 countries and on the Billboard 200 . 184 185 received rave reviews worldwide, although some critics have pointed out as “an attempt to reach the urban market.” 186 187 Their first single , ” 4 Minutes “reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100 . The song was the 37th successful top ten of Madonna on the Hot 100 , surpassing the record for most hits in the top ten set by Elvis Presley . 188 In the UK, Madonna got the record for most number one singles for a solo when “4 Minutes” became their 13 st single to reach the top of the list UK Singles Chart . 189 After releasing the second single from the album, ” Give it 2 Me “Madonna embarked on the Sticky & Sweet Tour , launched his first tour with Live Nation. With a net revenue of $ 280 million, became the tour with more income for a soloist, surpassing the previous record set by her on the Confessions Tour . 190 The tour lasted until the following year, after adding new dates European totaling $ 408 million. 190 191
During the presentation of Madonna Sticky & Sweet Tour in Bulgaria .
Life with my Sister Madonna , a book written by Madonna’s brother Christopher Ciccone, debuted at number two on the bestseller list of The New York Times . 192 The publication was not authorized by Madonna and led to a rift between the brothers. 193 problems also arose between Madonna and Ritchie and the media began to spread the news that they were about to separate. Ultimately, Madonna Ritchie filed for divorce, citing irreconcilable differences, a process that ended in December 2008. 194 195 Madonna was honored with the Gold award for international artist of the year in the Gold Disc Awards given by the Recording Industry Association of Japan , for her album Hard Candy . 196 in 2009, decided to adopt another child from Malawi. Initially, the Supreme Court approved the adoption of Chifundo “Mercy” James, 197 however, the request was rejected because Madonna was not resident in Malawi. 198 After the appeal by his lawyers, June 12, 2009 the Supreme Court of Malawi given the right to adopt Mercy James. 199 was published the same year Celebration , her third greatest hits album and the release of his contract with martial arts denver Warner Music. The collection included two new songs ” Celebration “and” Revolver “, along with 34 hits spanning his entire career. 200 A remix of ” Revolver “by David Guetta won a Grammy for Best Remix. 201 Celebration reached number one in the United Kingdom, tying him with Elvis Presley as the solo artist with more number one albums in British history. 202 also appeared on the MTV Video Music Awards 2009 , to speak in tribute to the recently deceased pop star Michael Jackson . 203 Madonna ended the 2000s as the artist with the most singles sold in the United States. 204 She was also named as the most listened to artist of the decade in the UK. 205
2010-present: WE , MDNA and other projects
In January 2010, Madonna performed ” Like a Prayer “in concert Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief . 206 In April he released his third live album, Sticky & Sweet Tour , although it was his first release under Live Nation , was distributed internationally by Warner Music. 207 That same year announced plans to direct his second film, WE . 208 After the conclusion of filming, Madonna released the clothing line Material Girl , who designed her daughter Lourdes. 209 The line clothing was inspired by the fashion of the 1980s and was launched under the name Macy’s , months later, the brand expanded to include a set of cosmetics and other feminine products. 209 210
In 2010, Madonna gave the rights to their music catalog to the U.S. television program Glee , which were used for an episode in which only included songs from Madonna. 211 Titled ” The Power of Madonna “, the episode was approved by the singer herself, saying in the magazine U.S. Weekly that he found the episode “brilliant on all levels”, praising the choreography and the transmitting message of equality. 212 In November 2010, Madonna also opened the first gym franchise Fitness Hard Candy , a partnership between Madonna, her manager Guy Oseary and Mark Mastrov, founder and executive director of 24 Hours Fitness. 213 Madonna said that “if any of you have seen my shows, you know that spares no expense, and the same applies to the gym. We spend what it takes to make a first class gym in the world. ” 214
In 2011 WE , a biopic about the romance between King Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson , was released durente the Venice Film Festival and received mixed reviews. 215 216 Madonna contributed a new song called “Masterpiece” to the soundtrack of WE , composed by herself, Julie Frost and Jimmy Harry, for which she received a Golden Globe for ” Best Original Song . ” 217 In December 2011, it was revealed that the singer had signed a contract for three albums with Interscope Records , which act as a distributor. 218
It was announced that the singer’s new single, ” Give Me All Your Luvin ‘ “a collaboration with Nicki Minaj and MIA will be released in the last week of January 2012 with the album’s release in March, prior to the filing the singer in the halftime show of Super Bowl XLVI on 5 February of that year. 219 On January 11, 2012, Madonna confirmed the title of his future studio album, which will be called MDNA 220
Work

Musical style
Madonna at the launch of ” Hung Up “.
In 2006 during a performance of ” Ray of Light “Madonna was accompanied by an electric guitar.
Madonna singing ‘Into The Groove “as part of their 2008 tour.
Madonna’s music has been the subject of much analysis and work by the critics. Robert M. Grant, author of Contemporay Strategy Analysis (2005), said that Madonna had led to success “was certainly not an exceptional natural talent. As a vocalist, music, dancer, singer or actress, Madonna seems modest talent. ” 221 He claims that his success is dependent on the talents of others, and that personal relationships have served as cornerstones for the many reinventions has done in his long career. 221 By contrast, Rolling Stone named Madonna as “an exemplary songwriter gave catchy and indelible letters, and as evidenced by their live shows, is better as a studio singer.” 32 Mark Bego, author of Madonna: Blond Ambition called it “the perfect lead singer of songs ‘lighter than air,’” despite not having a “heavyweight talent.” 222 Madonna has always been aware of the quality of his voice , especially compared to vocal idols as Ella Fitzgerald , Prince and Chaka Khan . 223
Freya Jarman-Ivens According to the Madonna talent to denver personal injury lawyer develop ” hooks incredible “for their songs, allowing the lyrics capture the attention of the audience, even without the influence of music. As an example, Jarman-Ivens, 1985 cites the simple ” Into the Groove “and the phrase “Live out your fantasy here with me, just let the music set you free; Touch my body, and move in time, now I know you ‘ re mine ” (in Spanish: “live your fantasy here with me, let the music set you free, touch my body and move to the beat, now I know you’re mine”). 224 From 1983 to 1986, Madonna’s musical productions were usually naive female in nature, focusing primarily on issues such as love relationships, romance, passion and dating. 224 This changed with the album Like a Prayer , when the letters became much more personal, as in “Promise to Try” referring to Madonna persistent pain at the loss of his mother. 224 Lyrics of Madonna often suggest an identification with the gay community. Fouz believes that when Madonna sings “Come on guys, do you believe in love?” To ” Express Yourself “, is aimed at heterosexual women and homosexual audience. 224 Denver Divorce Attorney Even in the era of Erotica , whose lyrics are more adult-oriented themes , the songs are still simple and naive (“So you’re not going to fall, where it is warm inside,” “Where Life Begins” from Erotica ). The Madonna’s songwriting ability has been constantly criticized. For example, Maria Raha in Rolling Stone describes his lyrics as “frivolous and not at all sophisticated. Madonna can only bring a trunk full of letters trivial talk of the great tradition of pop music, love, and when not singing about love, about the party is singing and dancing. ” 225 His lyrics were considered trivial and songwriting ability was ignored by critics until the release of Ray of Light and Music . Jarman-Ivens As, lyrics like “You’re frozen when your heart is not open” (” Frozen “, 1998) and” I can not remember when I was young, I can not tell if it was a mistake “(” Paradise (Not for Me) “, 2000) reflect an artistic palette,” which covers various musical styles, textual and visual in their lyrics. ” 224
In his debut album in 1983, vocal skills and the artistic personality of Madonna were not fully formed. Her vocal style and lyrics were similar to those of other pop stars of the time as Paula Abdul , Debbie Gibson and Taylor Dayne . 223 Songs of Madonna reveal several key trends that continue to define their success, including strong language based on dancing, catchy lyrics, arrangements carefully crafted and unique vocal style of Madonna. On songs like ” Lucky Star “and” Borderline “, Madonna introduced a style of music dance optimistic it would be particularly appealing to the gay crowd. The vocal timbre and acute female early career was cut from his later works, a change made ​​deliberately, by the fact that Madonna still remembers how critics had labeled as a ” Minnie Mouse with helium ” due to the timbre of his voice. 223 Their second album, Like a Virgin (1984), contained the precursors of several trends that characterized his later works: references to classical works (such as the pizzicato in synthesizer of ” Angel “), songs that would generate a negative reaction from various social groups (” Dress You Up “was marked on the blacklist of the Parents Music Resource Center ), and retro styles (“Shoo-Bee-Doo”, a tribute to Madonna to Motown ). 223 The initial style Madonna and the change made ​​is most evident in the song ” Material Girl “. The tune begins with Madonna using the voice of a little girl, but after the first verse, a voice switches to a rich and mature woman. 223 This artistic maturity was visible in True Blue (1986). The song ” Papa Do not Preach “was an important milestone in his career. The classic introduction, the tempo faster and deeper voice was unprecedented in the works of Madonna. 223
With Like a Prayer (1989), Madonna went again to a new stage musical. The album features songs recorded live and incorporated different genres of music, like dance , R & B and gospel . 226 Madonna continued to compose ballads and dance songs on Erotica (1992) and Bedtime Stories (1994). Tried to update his repertoire by incorporating samples , loops and hip-hop in their music. His voice was much deeper and more complete, clear on issues such as ” Rain chicago dui attorney “and” Take a Bow “. 227 During the filming of Evita , Madonna had to take singing lessons, which increased his vocal range even further. From this experience he said, “I studied with a vocal coach to Evita and I realized there was a instant payday loans big part of my voice who was not wearing. Before, I thought I had a very limited scope and would only get the most out of it. ” 228 His musical development continued with Ray of Light , the song ” Frozen “shows his vocal prowess fully formed and several allusions to classical music . His voice was limited and sang the songs of Ray of Light without vibrato . However, breathing in the songs became more prominent. 223 With the new millennium, Madonna performed her new album, Music in a normal voice in a range environment, sometimes getting a higher register for the choruses . We also observed a change in the content of the tracks, most of these were simple love songs, but with an underlying tone of melancholy. As he explained, “singing about breaking an image we have of someone, but I also sing about loving someone who does not wish to love. Because you know you’re doomed, but you can not stop. ” 229 This melancholy continued in his next production, American Life , which was full of beats paced techno , notes on keyboard smoother, choirs and acoustic rap on the title track . The unconventional rock songs were interspersed with dramatic lyrics about patriotism and composition, including the appearance of a gospel choir on ” Nothing Fails . ” 230 Musically, things changed with Confessions on a Dance Floor , Madonna that led back to the songs of dance pure rhythms of disco and retro music, but the letters continued embracing paradoxical metaphors and included references to his earlier works. 231 In his 2008 album, Hard Candy , the singer mixed R & B and hip hop melodies of dance. The album also had songs whose lyrics are talking about peace movements, and some that are autobiographical. The singing continued in a high register, and the use of the technique of double tracking . 232 Fouz-Hernández said that “throughout his career, Madonna handling of voice shows that, by refusing to be defined in a one way, opened a space for new types of musical analysis. ” 223
Influences
Marilyn Monroe was one of the artists who influenced Madonna.
According to Taraborrelli, “probably the most decisive moment in the infancy of Madonna, who had the greatest influence on the personality of the woman who now is, was the tragic and untimely death of his beloved mother.” 18 The psychiatrist Keith Ablow suggests that his mother’s death had a huge impact on the child at a time when it was still forming their personalities. According to Ablow, the younger a child is suffering from a serious loss, the influence that this event will be deeper and the impact duration is also longer. He concludes that “some people never get to give up that loss to such a young age, Madonna is no different to them.” 18 By contrast, the author Lucy O’Brien believes that the impact of the violation he suffered is, in fact, the motivating factor behind everything Madonna has done more important than the death of his mother, “not so much the pain of the death of his mother what drives her, but the feeling of abandonment and lack of protection. He found his worst case scenario, as a victim of male violence and then used those experiences fully in their work, reversing the problem at every opportunity. ” 233
When he grew up, Madonna and her sisters felt sad because the memory of his mother began to disappear. They found pictures of her and began to think that it resembled the poet Anne Sexton or any actress in Hollywood . Later, this would increase the interest of Madonna in poetry , with Sylvia Plath as his favorite writer., 18 Madonna said, “we are all wounded in one way or another and then spent the rest of our lives, reacting and dealing with it and trying to turn it into something else. The anguish of losing my mother left me with a certain kind of loneliness and longing for something amazing. If you do not have that gap would not have gotten this far. His death had much to do with me saying – after overcoming my sadness – I will be very strong if I can have my mother. I will take care of myself. ” 18 Taraborrelli found that over time, undoubtedly due to the devastation he felt, would never be allowed Madonna herself, or even your daughter feel as abandoned as she felt when her mother died . “His death taught him a valuable lesson, which should remain strong on their own, afraid the weakness-especially yours – and wants to be the queen of her own castle.” 18
In 1985, Madonna commented that the first song had a strong impression on her was ” These Boots Are Made for Walkin ‘ “for Nancy Sinatra , said the song summed up his attitude feminist ‘take the reins. ” 234 As a young woman , tried to expand their taste in literature, art and music during this time became interested in classical music . He said his favorite style is baroque and loved the music of Chopin and Mozart , because he liked his “feminine quality.” 235 Other musical influences include artists such as Karen Carpenter , Led Zeppelin , The Supremes and dancers as Martha Graham and Rudolf Nureyev . 236 Education Catholic Madonna and his relationship with his parents were reflected in the album Like a Prayer , 67 which is regarded as an evocation of the impact that religion has had in his career. 237 The video for ” Like a Prayer “contains Catholic symbols such as stigmata . During the tour, The Virgin Tour , wore a rosary with whom he also prayed in the music video for ” La Isla Bonita . ” 238 The video for ” t shirt printing Open Your Heart “shows her boss scolding in Italian language . The tour Who’s That Girl? Tour , dedicated the song ” Papa Do not Preach “to the Pope . 238 239
Madonna at a concert in 2006. The costumes used by it is based on one of the costumes of the group ABBA .
During her childhood, Madonna was inspired by several actors: “I loved Carole Lombard , to Judy Holliday and Marilyn Monroe . They Bankruptcy were all incredibly funny … and I saw myself in them … my femininity, my conscience and my innocence. ” 234 His video of ” Material Girl “recreated the look of Monroe in the song ” Diamonds Are a Girl’s Best Friend “from the film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes . Studied the comedies of the 1930s, particularly those of Lombard, in preparation for the film Who’s That Girl . The video for ” Express Yourself “(1989) was inspired by the film of Fritz Lang’s Metropolis (1927). The video for ” Vogue “recreated the style of Hollywood glamor photographs, particularly those of Horst P. Horst , imitating the poses of Marlene Dietrich , Carole Lombard and Rita Hayworth , while the letter of the topic refers to many of the stars who had inspired, including Bette Davis , whom he described as one of their idols. 83 240 Other their influences came from the art world, particularly through the works of the artist Frida Kahlo . 241 The video for ” Bedtime Story “presents images inspired by the paintings of Kahlo and Remedios Varo . 242 His video for ” Hollywood ” is a tribute to the work of photographer Guy Bourdin . 243 The use of images sadomasochistic in the films of Andy Warhol are reflected in the music videos for ” Erotica “and” Deeper and Deeper “. 244 Much of Madonna’s career in the film has been received negatively by critics. Stephanie Zacharek, criticism of the magazine Time said that “[Madonna] is ​​not natural or comfortable when acting, and it’s difficult to see because it is clearly doing the best they can.” 4 According to his biographer Andrew Morton, “Madonna puts on a brave face to criticism, but in the background is deeply hurt.” 4 After the 2002 film, Swept Away , Madonna vowed never to act in another film, hoping that his repertoire as actress never discussed again. 4
Madonna performed the rite of the suspension lift kits Kabbalah , and in 2004 adopted the name of Esther, which in Persian means “star.” 245 The singer has donated millions of dollars for schools in New York and London . 245 246 In turn, faced the opposition of the rabbis who thought that the adoption of Kabbalah Madonna was a sacrilege and a case of dilettantism. Madonna defended his study, saying it “would be less controversial if I joined the Nazi Party,” and that their participation in the Kabbalah “not hurting anybody.” 247 The influence of the Kabbalah was seen in Madonna’s music, especially albums as Ray of Light and Music . According to Bill Friskics-Warren, “the ethereal arrangement of music in these albums and philosophy, full of references to gurus and the connection of fate and karma, it might look lyrics new age , but gives a thorough analysis sense of connection that encompasses spiritual illumination and carnal ecstasy, giving the effect of blurring the distinction between the two, and is the effect of Kabbalistic meditation and transcendence together. ” 245 During the tour Re-Invention Tour , Madonna and his dancers wore shirts that said “Kabbalists do it better.” 245
Music videos and presentations
Madonna singing ‘ Live to Tell “, one of the most controversial interpretations of his career.
In The Madonna Companion , biographer Carol Metz and Allen Benson said more than any other recent pop star, Madonna had used MTV and music videos to establish his popularity and improve your musical work. 248 According to them, many of his songs are strongly linked to images of music video. The reaction of the media and the public to his most controversial songs like “Papa Do not Preach”, “Like a Prayer” and ” Justify My Love “had to do with the videos created to promote the single and the impact they had, not only by the song. 248 Morton felt that “artistically, Madonna’s compositions are often overshadowed by its amazing video.” 249 The first videos of Madonna reflect its mix of Americans and Hispanics combined with an extravagant glamorous 248 and thus was able to convey his avant-garde fashion sense to the American public. 250 The images and the integration of Hispanic culture and Catholic symbolism continued with the videos from the time of True Blue . 251 The author Douglas Kellner said, “this kind of ‘multiculturalism’ and culturally transgressive moves proved a successful move to attract a young audience wide and varied.” 252 The Spanish style in her videos became a fashion trend of the time, in the form of boleros and layered skirts, accessories such as beads and a crucifix, as in the video of ” La Isla Bonita “. 253 254 Several authors noted that with your videos, Madonna was able to subtly reverse the usual function of men as the dominant sex. 255 This symbolism was probably the most prevalent in the music video “Like a Prayer.” The video includes footage of a church choir black , Madonna seducing a statue of a saint black and singing in front of a series of burning crosses. This mixture of the sacred and the profane altered the Vatican and resulted in the commercial withdrawal Pepsi . 256 Madonna has received a record twenty MTV Video Music Awards , including “Vanguard Award” in 1986 for his contribution to the world of video musical. 257
Madonna’s appearance came during the advent of MTV and, according to Chris Nelson for The New York Times , “with their videos with lip sync , marked the beginning of an era in which the average music lover could happily spend hours a day, every day, watching singers just moving your mouth. ” 258 The symbiotic relationship between music video lip sync and took the initiative to move the show and video images of a musical live on stage . Nelson wrote, “artists like Madonna and Janet Jackson set new standards of showmanship, with concerts that include not only elaborate costumes and fireworks coordinated with high precision, but also a very athletic dance. These effects had a cost, live voice. ” 258 Thor Christensen of The Dallas Morning News said that while Madonna won a reputation for lip sync during their tour in 1990, Blond Ambition Tour , subsequently reorganized its activities to “stand still during the most difficult parts of a song and [leave] the dance routines that accompanied the dancers … instead of trying to sing and dance at the same time. ” 259 To afford to make a greater number of moves while singing, Madonna was one of the first artists to use wireless microphones with headset attached to the ears or the top of the head, and the capsule in a small arm that extends to the mouth. Due to its prominent use, the design of this microphone came to be known as the “micro Madonna”. 260 261
Legacy

See also Appendix: Awards and nominations for Madonna
Madonna on the Sticky & Sweet Tour , the most successful tour for a solo artist in history.
According to the magazine Rolling Stone , Madonna is “one of the biggest pop artists of all time.” 32 It has won multiple records in the Guinness Book of Records , highlighting the title of the most successful solo artist of all time. 10 On March 10, 2008, Madonna was included in the Hall of Fame Rock in his first year of eligibility. 180 The magazine Billboard ‘s ranked as the most successful solo artist (and second artist overall behind The Beatles ) on the “Billboard Hot 100 Top Artists.” 12 It has also achieved many successes in the most important charts around the world, including 13 number one singles in the UK, 11 in Australia and 23 in Canada, more than any other solo . 262 263 264 Madonna also appeared in the book of the 100 most important women of the twentieth century , published by Ladies’ Home Journal in 1998. 265 In July 2003, is ranked seventh in the list of “200 icons pop culture of all time “compiled by VH1 and People . 266 is also placed on top of the list of “50 most important women in the era of video” made ​​by VH1. 267 In 2006, he discovered a new species of water bear , Echiniscus madonnae , which was named in his honor. 268 The zoologists commented: “It is a great pleasure to dedicate this species to one of the most important artists of our time, Madonna Louise Veronica Ritchie.” 269 In 2010, given its commercial success, Madonna was included in the elite list of “25 most powerful women of the last century” by the magazine Time , being an influential figure in contemporary music. 270
Throughout her career, Madonna has reinvented itself repeatedly over a number of different visual and musical personalities, earning the nickname “Queen of Reinvention.” 271 In doing so, “exploits her sexuality to fashion an icon cultural and commercial for over a decade, was the undisputed Queen of Pop ‘ 272 -Hernández Fouz agrees that these reinventions are one of the major cultural achievements. 273 Madonna reinvented herself working with future producers talented, unknown artists, staying in the center of media attention. Freya Jarman-Ivens According ‘to do, Madonna has always set the example of how to keep your career in the entertainment industry. ” 273 That reinvention was considered by experts as the main tool to survive in the music industry. 274 As Ian Youngs of BBC News commented, “his ability to follow the latest fashion trends and adapt their style has often been the reason why his image is preserved.” 275 ‘s use of sexual imagery Madonna impressive career benefited and changed public opinion on sexuality and feminism. 273 The Times said, “Madonna, like it or not, sparked a revolution among women in the music … their attitudes and views on sex, nudity, sexuality, style and forced the audience to sit up and take notice. ” 276 Rodger Streitmatter, author of Sex Sells! (2004), said: “From the moment Madonna burst onto the radar nation in the mid 1980′s, did everything he could to impress the public, and their efforts were well rewarded. ” 277 Shmuel Boteach, author of Hating Women (2005), felt that Madonna was largely responsible for clearing the line between music and pornography . He said: “Before Madonna, it was possible for women more famous for their voices than their cleavage emerge as stars of the music. But in the post-Madonna universe, even highly original artists like Janet Jackson now feel the pressure to expose their bodies on national television to sell records. ” 278
Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera are two of the most popular pop artists who have been heavily influenced by Madonna.
Madonna has influenced many artists throughout his career. Mary Cross, in his book Madonna: A Biography , wrote: “His influence on pop music is undeniable and far-reaching. The new pop icons from Nelly Furtado and Shakira to Gwen Stefani and Christina Aguilera (not to mention Britney Spears ) owe much to Madonna, a debt of gratitude for that she forged the template that combines sex appeal and feminine power its image, music and lyrics. ” 279 According Fouz-Hernández, the pop artists like Spears, the Spice Girls , Destiny’s Child , Jennifer Lopez , Kylie Minogue and Pink were as “the daughters of Madonna, in the sense in which they grew listening and admire Madonna and decided they wanted Plastic Storage Containers to be like her. ‘ 280 Among them, Madonna’s influence was most notable in Spears, which has been called “the protected”. 276 A Madonna also credited the introduction of the electronic music in Europe in American pop culture, and the act of making runs off the European producers such as Stuart Price and Mirwais Ahmadzaï . 238 Madonna has sold over 300 million albums worldwide. 9 The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) considers the artist’s best-selling rock the twentieth century, and second solo albums sold over the United States (behind Barbra Streisand ), with 64 million certified albums sold. 11 281 According to the International Federation Phonographic Industry , despite its high record sales in 2001, Madonna was the artist who lost by piracy . 282
Madonna has been praised as a role model for women entrepreneurs in their industry, “to achieve the kind of financial control in which women have long struggled within the industry and generating over 1.2 billion dollars in sales during the first decade of his career. ” 283 After creation, Maverick Records became a huge commercial success of their efforts, which was unusual at that time for a record label created by an artist. 284 The journalist Robert Sandall said that while interviewing Madonna, it was clear that being a “great cultural icon” was more important to her than pop music, a race he described as “an accident”. He also saw a contrast between his public persona and his very sexual reticence and “paranoid” to their own finances, fired his own brother when he was accused of charging more for the refurbishment of his London mansion. 285 Professor Colin Barrow the Cranfield School of Management described Madonna as “the smartest businesswoman United States … has managed to conquer the highest positions in their industry and stay there for constantly reinventing. “He also stressed the” planning, personal discipline and constant attention to detail “as models for all aspiring entrepreneurs. 286 Scholars of London Business School was called a ‘dynamic entrepreneur’, identified their vision of success, their understanding of the music industry, its ability to recognize their own limits of performance, willingness to work hard and ability to adapt as the key to commercial success. 287 Morton commented that “Madonna is opportunistic, manipulative and ruthless, someone who will not stop until you get what you want, and that’s something you can gain at the expense of losing the people closest to you. But that clearly does not care. ” 288 Taraborrelli considered that this cruelty was visible for commercial filming the Pepsi in 1989. “The fact that they would like to hold a can of Pepsi in the commercial, was the track that Pepsi executives need to know that pop star Madonna and Madonna entrepreneur would not be directed by someone else, she would do anything to its way, the only way. ” 289 In contrast, reporter Michael McWilliams, commented: ‘complaints about Madonna, who is cold, greedy, and not hide talent, fanaticism and the essence of his art, which is one of the warmer, the most human, the most deeply satisfying in all of pop culture. ” 290